When animals walk overground, mechanical stimuli activate various receptors located in
muscles, joints and skin. Afferents from these mechanoreceptors project to neuronal …

We review experiments supporting the hypothesis that the vertebrate motor system produces
movements by combining a small number of units of motor output. Using a variety of …

Research Methods in Biomechanics, Second Edition, demonstrates the range of available
research techniques and how to best apply this knowledge to ensure valid data collection. In …

A central issue in motor control is how the central nervous system generates the muscle
activity patterns necessary to achieve a variety of behavioral goals. The many degrees of …

This paper provides an overview of forward dynamic neuromusculoskeletal modeling. The
aim of such models is to estimate or predict muscle forces, joint moments, and/or joint …

To study abnormal spatial patterns of muscle activation in hemiparetic stroke, we compared
EMG activity in paretic and contralateral elbow and shoulder muscles of 10 hemiparetic …

The notion of joint stiffness as commonly studied in biomechanics and motor control is
compared with the physical definition of stiffness. The importance of elastic deformation and …

Recently developed computational techniques have been used to reduce muscle activation
patterns of high complexity to a simple synergy organization and to bring new insights to the …

In recent years, many established concepts in the theory of human motor development have
undergone profound change, and our knowledge has increased greatly. Nevertheless …

Healthy subjects performed bilateral fast shoulder movements in different directions while
standing on a force platform. Anticipatory postural adjustments were seen as changes in the …