Two decades of high-resolution satellite observations and climate modeling studies have
indicated strong ocean–atmosphere coupled feedback mediated by ocean mesoscale …

The climate effects of atmospheric aerosol particles serving as cloud condensation nuclei
(CCN) depend on chemical composition and hygroscopicity, which are highly variable on …

Shallow cumulus clouds in the trade-wind regions cool the planet by reflecting solar
radiation. The response of trade cumulus clouds to climate change is a key uncertainty in …

State-of-the-art Earth system models typically employ grid spacings of O (100 km), which is
too coarse to explicitly resolve main drivers of the flow of energy and matter across the Earth …

Two airborne field campaigns focusing on observations of Arctic mixed-phase clouds and
boundary layer processes and their role with respect to Arctic amplification have been …

Atmospheric science relies on numerical models to simulate the complex multiscale nature
of atmospheric variability, but our confidence in weather and climate predictions relies on …

We developed a high-quality global integrated water vapour (IWV) dataset from 12 552
ground-based global positioning system (GPS) stations in 2020. It consists of 5 min GPS …

How air masses transform during meridional transport into and out of the Arctic is not well
represented by numerical models. The airborne field campaign HALO-(AC) 3 applied the …

Flower clouds are trade‐wind shallow cumuli, with tops reaching 3 km altitude, organised
into 100‐km wide clusters. They are widespread over the subtropics and associated with the …

As part of the EUREC 4 A field campaign which took place over the tropical North Atlantic
during January–February 2020, 1215 dropsondes from the HALO and WP-3D aircraft were …