T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

The current understanding of lactate extends from its origins as a byproduct of glycolysis to
its role in tumor metabolism, as identified by studies on the Warburg effect. The lactate …

BACKGROUND Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are organized aggregates of immune
cells that form postnatally in nonlymphoid tissues. TLSs are not found under physiological …

The clinical success of cancer immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has refocused attention
on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) across cancer types. The outcome of immune …

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid organs that develop in non-
lymphoid tissues at sites of chronic inflammation including tumours. Key common …

The IL-6 family of cytokines consists of IL-6, IL-11, IL-27, IL-31, oncostatin M (OSM),
leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1) …

IL-17 is a highly versatile pro-inflammatory cytokine crucial for a variety of processes,
including host defense, tissue repair, the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease and the …

Accumulation of lactate in the tissue microenvironment is a feature of both inflammatory
disease and cancer. Here, we assess the response of immune cells to lactate in the context …

Historically, multiple sclerosis (MS) has been viewed as being primarily driven by T cells.
However, the effective use of anti-CD20 treatment now also reveals an important role for B …

There is increasing interest in how immune cells in the meninges—the membranes that
surround the brain and spinal cord—contribute to homeostasis and disease in the central …