An orchard variable-rate sprayer applies the appropriate amount of plant protection products
only where they are needed based on detection data from advanced sensors, a system that …

Delivering the appropriate amount of chemicals for each plant based on their needs is
essential for reducing costs, waste, and labor. Smart agricultural machinery can provide …

Highlights Review the research status of variable-rate spraying technology and point out the
direction for the future research Discussed the advantages and disadvantages of different …

Simple Summary Spodoptera exigua is a polyphagous pest, commonly known as beet
armyworm. This pest is distributed worldwide and causes yield reduction in a variety of …

Orchard pesticide off-target deposition and drift cause substantial soil and water pollution,
and other environmental pollution. Orchard target-oriented spraying technologies have been …

Chemical spraying is one of the most important and frequently performed intercultural
agricultural operations. It is imperative to select the appropriate spraying technology as a …

The sensors allow the delivery of real-time information on a range of production systems,
making each day relevant to the development of autonomous agricultural machinery. The …

In Autonomous aerial refueling (AAR), the position of the rapid moving drogue varies greatly
by the influence of airflow. Real-time airborne position measurement is the key to the …

In most parts of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), agricultural production and trade use
conventional labor-intensive practices, which result in lower agricultural productivity, food …

Agriculture production depends on pesticides despite this scientists are tried to reduce the
use of pesticides. Scientists are enhancing efforts to create a method for obviating pesticide …