Probing soot formation, chemical and physical evolution, and oxidation: A review of in situ diagnostic techniques and needs

HA Michelsen - Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017 - Elsevier
Soot is responsible for notoriously detrimental effects on human health, air quality, and
global and regional climate. Controlling soot emissions to the atmosphere will require …

[HTML][HTML] Insights into incipient soot formation by atomic force microscopy

F Schulz, M Commodo, K Kaiser, G De Falco… - Proceedings of the …, 2019 - Elsevier
Combustion-generated soot particles can have significant impact on climate, environment
and human health. Thus, understanding the processes governing the formation of soot …

Assessing relative contributions of PAHs to soot mass by reversible heterogeneous nucleation and condensation

NA Eaves, SB Dworkin, MJ Thomson - Proceedings of the Combustion …, 2017 - Elsevier
Given the recent EURO 6 regulations, which include limits on particle number density (and
hence size) for soot emissions from land vehicles, soot models must be capable of …

Physicochemical evolution of nascent soot particles in a laminar premixed flame: from nucleation to early growth

M Commodo, G De Falco, A Bruno, C Borriello… - Combustion and …, 2015 - Elsevier
In this work, particle inception and early growth stages were investigated in an ethylene/air
premixed flame by the evolution of the particle size and structure with flame residence time …

Revealing the initial chemistry of soot nanoparticle formation by ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations

S Han, X Li, F Nie, M Zheng, X Liu, L Guo - Energy & Fuels, 2017 - ACS Publications
This work presents long time ReaxFF MD simulations of fuel-rich combustion for up to 10 ns
to explore the initial mechanism of soot nanoparticle formation. A 24-component rocket …

PAH structure analysis of soot in a non-premixed flame using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and optical band gap analysis

ML Botero, EM Adkins, S Gonzalez-Calera, H Miller… - Combustion and …, 2016 - Elsevier
Soot particles formed in a system of non-premixed liquid fuel flames supported on a wick-
fed, smoke point test burner (ASTM D1322-08) were characterized by in-situ visible light …

Optical properties of organic carbon and soot produced in an inverse diffusion flame

C Russo, B Apicella, JS Lighty, A Ciajolo, A Tregrossi - Carbon, 2017 - Elsevier
The carbonaceous particulate matter (soot plus organic carbon) sampled downstream of an
ethylene inverse diffusion flame (IDF) was chemically and spectroscopically analyzed in …

Electronic band gap of flame-formed carbon nanoparticles by scanning tunneling spectroscopy

G De Falco, G Mattiello, M Commodo… - Proceedings of the …, 2021 - Elsevier
The electronic band gap of flame-formed carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) is determined for the
first time using scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). CNPs are sampled from a laminar …

[HTML][HTML] Evolution in size and structural order for incipient soot formed at flame temperatures greater than 2100 K

S Dasappa, J Camacho - Fuel, 2021 - Elsevier
Soot formed in flames hotter than conventional combustion applications is expected to
undergo unique formation processes and develop a carbon structure distinct from typical …

[HTML][HTML] The impact of ammonia addition on soot formation in ethylene flames

L Tian, RP Lindstedt - Combustion and Flame, 2023 - Elsevier
The present work investigates computationally the impact of blending ammonia with
ethylene on soot formation in four laminar diffusion flames and the corresponding turbulent …