Abstract The PI3 K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of
signal transduction and biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis …

Because mutations, overexpression, and dysregulation of protein kinases play essential
roles in the pathogenesis of many illnesses, this enzyme family has become one of the most …

Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are incurable and
characterized by the progressive degeneration of the function and structure of the central …

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to
infection. Sepsis causes cerebral dysfunction in the short and long term and induces …

ERK1 and ERK2 are key protein kinases that contribute to the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK MAP
kinase signalling module. This pathway participates in the control of numerous processes …

Caffeine, a xanthine alkaloid compound, is consumed widely and daily by humans, as it is
present in several regular beverages such as tea, coffee, soda beverages, and some drugs …

The incretin hormone Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) is best known for its “incretin effect”
in restoring glucose homeostasis in diabetics, however, it is now apparent that it has a …

Abstract α-Synuclein is strongly linked to Parkinson's disease but the molecular targets for its
toxicity are not fully clear. However, many neuronal functions damaged in Parkinson's …

Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with
associated frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD) are major neurodegenerative diseases for …

Protease-targeted chimeras (PROTACs) are a new technology that is receiving much
attention in the treatment of diseases. The mechanism is to inhibit protein function by …