Modern medicine has been waging a war on cancer for nearly a century with no tangible
end in sight. Cancer treatments have significantly progressed, but the need to increase …

Hypoxia is a remarkable trait of the tumor microenvironment (TME). When facing selective
pressure, tumor cells show various adaptive characteristics, such as changes in the …

Infrared (IR) plasmonic nanoantennas (PNAs) are powerful tools to identify molecules by the
IR fingerprint absorption from plasmon-molecules interaction. However, the sensitivity and …

During the past decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as an attractive drug
delivery system. Here, we assess their pre-clinical applications, in the form of a systematic …

Although immunotherapy harnessing activity of the immune system against tumors has
made great progress, the treatment efficacy remains limited in most cancers. Current …

Over the past decade, remarkable advances have been witnessed in the development of
small-molecule probes. These molecular tools have been widely applied for interrogating …

Chemotherapy remains as the first-choice treatment option for triple-negative breast cancer
(TNBC). However, the limited tumor penetration and low cellular internalization efficiency of …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are continually released from cancer cells into biofluids, carrying
actionable molecular fingerprints of the underlying disease with considerable diagnostic and …

Endothelial cell injury plays a critical part in ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) and
participates in the progression of AKI. Targeting renal endothelial cell therapy may …

Diverse (sub) cellular materials are secreted by cells into the systemic circulation at different
stages of disease progression. These circulating biomarkers include whole cells, such as …