Dynamic airflows, mainly characterized by turbulence and time-varying mean flow and
direction, are increasingly recognized for their positive effects on enhancing the convective …

Planting trees is considered to relieve the thermal load. However, trees may" pollute" the air
quality. Tree net effects should receive more attention, but only a few studies have …

Shading effectively alleviates heat stress caused by heatwaves and urban heat islands.
Artificial shading is a viable alternative to urban greenery when tree planting is …

Urban residents are exposed to multiple environmental stimuli. Past studies have examined
the influence of heat stress on outdoor thermal comfort, but the cross-modal effects of …

Adopting cool (high-reflective) materials on building envelopes is an effective mitigation
strategy for urban heat island effects. However, most previous studies emphasized cool …

The exponential growth of urban populations and city infrastructure globally presents distinct
patterns, impacting climate change forecasts and urban climates. This study conducts a …

Lockdown rules have been arbitrarily applied to curtail respiratory disease outbreaks without
being certain about indoor-outdoor droplet transmission mechanisms and associated …

The arcade design has been widely used in the architecture design since it can provide
space for commercial retails and improve local thermal comfort. However, the influences of …

Traffic-related PM exposure is a significant concern in several cities. This study used ENVI-
met simulation to perform the airflow and PM 2.5 dispersions in Bangkok's central business …

Semi-open street roofs (SOSRs) have been confirmed to provide solar shading for
pedestrians, usually improving outdoor thermal comfort but weakening urban ventilation in …