Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of vision loss and blindness worldwide, is
caused by retinal neurovascular unit dysfunction, and its cellular pathology involves at least …

Lipocalins (LCNs) are members of a family of evolutionarily conserved genes present in all
kingdoms of life. There are 19 LCN-like genes in the human genome, and 45 Lcn-like genes …

Smartphone-enabled microfluidic chemiluminescence immunoassay is a promising portable
system for point-of-care (POC) biosensing applications. However, due to the rather faint …

Discovery of robust, selective and specific biomarkers are important for early diagnosis and
monitor progression of human diseases. Eye being a common target for several human …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has accounted for major loss of vision in chronic diabetes.
Although clinical statistics have shown that early screening can procrastinate or improve the …

The lipocalin proteins are a large family of small extracellular proteins that demonstrate
significant heterogeneity in sequence similarity and have highly conserved crystal …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading global cause of blindness in the working-age
population. Early diagnosis and intervention can effectively reduce the risk for blindness …

At the initial stages of pathogenesis, biomarkers are generated in an insignificant
concentration. Hence, the rapid screening for these low-abundance indicators is immensely …

Diffusometry is sensitive to geometric changes of particles. Target antigens can be detected
through diffusivity changes resulting from their immunoreactions by functionalizing particle …

Bead-based immunosensors have intrigued the scientific community over the past decades
due to their rapid and multiplexed capabilities in the detection of various biological targets …