Macroautophagy and microautophagy are highly conserved eukaryotic cellular processes
that degrade cytoplasmic material in lysosomes. Both pathways involve characteristic …

The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic,
maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that …

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the clinical management of many malignancies but is
infrequently associated with durable objective responses when used as a standalone …

The major concept of" oxidative stress" is an excess elevated level of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) which are generated from vigorous metabolism and consumption of oxygen …

Normal circulatory function is a key determinant of disease-free life expectancy (healthspan).
Indeed, pathologies affecting the cardiovascular system, which are growing in prevalence …

Background Recently, the hallmarks of aging were updated to include dysbiosis, disabled
macroautophagy, and chronic inflammation. In particular, the low-grade chronic …

Mitochondria, ubiquitous double-membrane-bound organelles, regulate energy production,
support cellular activities, harbor metabolic pathways, and, paradoxically, mediate cell fate …

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a potent agonist of the innate immune system; however, the
exact immunostimulatory features of mtDNA and the kinetics of detection by cytosolic nucleic …

Introduction Inflammation is a defensive response of the organism to irritation which is
manifested by redness, swelling, heat, pain and dysfunction. The inflammatory response …

Mitochondria play a key role in both health and disease. Their function is not limited to
energy production but serves multiple mechanisms varying from iron and calcium …