Animal colour vision is based on comparing signals from different photoreceptors. It is
generally assumed that processing different spectral types of photoreceptor mainly serves …

Color vision, which is mediated by cone photoreceptors in vertebrates, is essential for
perceiving the external environment. Bisphenol A (BPA) and its substitute bisphenol S (BPS) …

The wide-ranging photic conditions found across aquatic habitats may act as selective
pressures that potentially drive the rapid evolution and diversity of the visual system in …

We studied phenotypic and genetic adaptation of the visual system of three-spined
sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, from North Uist, Scotland. We quantified differences in …

Adaptation to deeper waters is a recent topic in the ecology and evolution of cichlids
endemic to ancient African lakes. However, the reproductive and social behaviors of …

Adaptations related to how nutrients are acquired and processed play a central role in the
colonization of novel ecological niches and, therefore, in organismal diversification. While …

Photoreception, the detection of light for image formation (vision) as well as for non image
forming purposes (circadian regulation, DNA repair), is critical to the survival of most …

The light environment underwater can vary dramatically over space and time, challenging
the visual systems of aquatic organisms. To meet these challenges, many species shift their …

For a long time, biologists have been trying to understand the patterns of biodiversity.
Darwin showed that the environment is an important factor in speciation, as it exerts the …