Most existing vaccines for human use are administered by needle-based injection.
Administering vaccines needle-free intranasally has numerous advantages over by needle …

Liposomes are lipid based vesicular systems that offer novel platform for versatile drug
delivery to target cell. Liposomes were first reported by Bangham and his co-workers in …

Vaccine delivery via mucosal surfaces is an interesting alternative to parenteral vaccine
administration, as it avoids the use of a needle and syringe. Mucosal vaccine administration …

Vaccination is the process of administering immunogenic formulations in order to induce or
harness antigen (Ag)-specific antibody and T cell responses in order to protect against …

The development of vaccines has always been an essential task worldwide since vaccines
are regarded as powerful weapons in protecting the global population. Although the vast …

Many pathogens enter the host through mucosal sites. Thus, interfering with pathogen entry
through local neutralization at mucosal sites therefore is an effective strategy for preventing …

Modern subunit vaccines are composed of antigens and a delivery system and/or adjuvant
(immune stimulator) that triggers the desired immune responses. Adjuvants mimic pathogen …

Introduction: The emergence of new diseases and the lack of efficient vaccines against
numerous nontreatable pathogens require the development of novel vaccination strategies …

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects the lung epithelium where it stimulates
the production of numerous host cytokines that are associated with disease burden and …

Mucosal surfaces represent important routes of entry into the human body for the majority of
pathogens, and they constitute unique sites for targeted vaccine delivery. Nanoparticle …