Over the last century hundreds of studies have demonstrated that testing is an effective
intervention to enhance long-term retention of studied knowledge and facilitate mastery of …

Engaging in a test over previously studied information can serve as a potent learning event,
a phenomenon referred to as the testing effect. Despite a surge of research in the past …

Many students are being left behind by an educational system that some people believe is in
crisis. Improving educational outcomes will require efforts on many fronts, but a central …

Attempting recall of information from memory, as occurs when taking a practice test, is one of
the most potent training techniques known to learning science. However, does testing yield …

Metacognition is an essential skill in critical thinking and self-regulated, lifelong learning. It is
important for learners to have skills in metacognition because they are used to monitor and …

Although substantial research has demonstrated the benefits of retrieval practice for
promoting memory, very few studies have tested theoretical accounts of this effect. Across …

The science of learning has made a considerable contribution to our understanding of
effective teaching and learning strategies. However, few instructors outside of the field are …

Educational practice does not, for the most part, rely on research findings. Instead, there'sa
preference for relying on our intuitions about what's best for learning. But relying on intuition …

The need to improve the educational system has never been greater. People in congress
and business argue for expensive technological applications to improve education despite a …

Practicing retrieval is a powerful way to promote learning and long-term retention. This
chapter addresses the theoretical underpinnings of retrieval-based learning. We review …