Microbiomics have significantly advanced over the last decade, driven by the widespread
availability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and multi-omic technologies. Integration of …

Background An increase in the prevalence of comorbidities has been reported in patients
with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, contemporary estimates of …

Background: Nalmefene is an opioid system modulator with antagonist activity at the μ and δ
receptors and partial agonist activity at the κ receptor. Previous studies have suggested that …

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is becoming a major public
health burden worldwide. It is urgent to explore more effective and safer treatment strategy …

Purpose The Phenotypes of COPD in Central and Eastern Europe (POPE) study assessed
the prevalence and clinical characteristics of four clinical COPD phenotypes, but not …

Rationale COPD can be assessed using multidimensional grading systems with
components from three domains: pulmonary function tests, symptoms and systemic features …

Background Tanreqing injection (TRQI) is a Chinese patent medicine. It is commonly used in
the treatment of acute exacerbation of COPD in China. It substantially improves the partial …

COPD is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide and is expected to be third by the end
of 2020. 1 COPD is defined by a single physiologic parameter, spirometry, although it …

Purpose Patients with COPD often have multiple coexisting comorbidities, affecting quality of
life, morbidity and mortality. However, the prevalence and impact of comorbidities on the …

There has been a growing appreciation of the importance of respiratory fungal diseases in
recent years, with better understanding of their prevalence as well as their global …