Progress in electron-beam spectroscopies has recently enabled the study of optical
excitations with combined space, energy and time resolution in the nanometre …

Vortex states of photons, electrons, and other particles are non-plane-wave solutions of the
corresponding wave equation with helicoidal wave fronts. These states possess an intrinsic …

Structured light refers to the generation and application of custom light fields. As the tools
and technology to create and detect structured light have evolved, steadily the applications …

Extending planar two-dimensional structures into the three-dimensional space has become
a general trend in multiple disciplines, including electronics, photonics, plasmonics and …

Both classical and quantum waves can form vortices: entities with helical phase fronts and
circulating current densities. These features determine the intrinsic orbital angular …

The recent prediction and subsequent creation of electron vortex beams in a number of
laboratories occurred after almost 20 years had elapsed since the recognition of the physical …

We report a transient plasmonic spin skyrmion topological quasiparticle within surface
plasmon polariton vortices, which is described by analytical modeling and imaging of its …

Vortex-carrying matter waves, such as chiral electron beams, are of significant interest in
both applied and fundamental science. Continuous-wave electron vortex beams are …

In the past decade, optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) has entered the field of
plasmonics in the form of surface-confined vortices, generating vast interest. Here we give …

Chirality is a phenomenon with widespread relevance in fundamental physics, material
science, chemistry, optics, and spectroscopy. In this work, we show that a free electron can …