Aerosols interact with radiation and clouds. Substantial progress made over the past 40
years in observing, understanding, and modeling these processes helped quantify the …

Abstract Purpose of Review The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is a planetary-scale
band of heavy precipitation close to the equator. Here, we consider the response of the ITCZ …

To mitigate climate warming, many countries have committed to achieve carbon neutrality in
the mid-21st century. Here, we assess the global impacts of changing greenhouse gases …

Abstract The new Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model version 2.0 (MRI-
ESM2. 0) has been developed based on previous models, MRI-CGCM3 and MRI-ESM1 …

The effective radiative forcing, which includes the instantaneous forcing plus adjustments
from the atmosphere and surface, has emerged as the key metric of evaluating human and …

Although anthropogenic climate change is expected to have caused large shifts in
temperature and rainfall, the detection of human influence on global drought has been …

Multiple linkages connect air quality and climate change. Many air pollutant sources also
emit carbon dioxide (CO2), the dominant anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG). The two …

Abstract The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has been, and will continue
to be, a key factor in the modulation of climate change both locally and globally. However …

This review addresses the causes of observed climate variations across the industrial
period, from 1750 to present. It focuses on long-term changes, both in response to external …

The evolving roles of anthropogenic aerosols (AER) and greenhouse gases (GHG) in
driving large-scale patterns of precipitation and SST trends during 1920–2080 are studied …