Abstract Purpose of Review Assessment of the impact of ocean resolution in Earth System
models on the mean state, variability, and future projections and discussion of prospects for …

Salt giants are massive salt deposits (hundreds of metres thick) that form during the
evaporation of semi-enclosed seas. The drivers of salt giant formation and their feedbacks …

We describe the baseline coupled model configuration and simulation characteristics of
GFDL's Earth System Model Version 4.1 (ESM4. 1), which builds on component and coupled …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and their
redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere–the “global carbon …

Abstract We describe the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM4. 0 physical climate
model, with emphasis on those aspects that may be of particular importance to users of this …

The coastal ocean contributes to regulating atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations by
taking up carbon dioxide (CO2) and releasing nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). In …

We present a new framework for global ocean–sea-ice model simulations based on phase 2
of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP-2), making use of the surface dataset …

Hauck et al. Global Carbon Budget Ocean Sink of the global ocean carbon sink necessitates
significant advancement in modeling and observing the Southern Ocean carbon sink …

The Southern Ocean is the primary region for the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide
(CO2) and is, therefore, crucial for Earth's climate. However, the Southern Ocean CO2 flux …