This paper is the first of a series of four GMD papers on the PMIP4-CMIP6 experiments. Part
2 (Otto-Bliesner et al., 2017) gives details about the two PMIP4-CMIP6 interglacial …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

On geological time-scales, the production and degree of recycling of biogenic carbon in the
marine realm and ultimately its removal to sediments, exerts a dominant control on …

The early Eocene (56 to 48 million years ago) is inferred to have been the most recent time
that Earth's atmospheric CO 2 concentrations exceeded 1000 ppm. Global mean …

We present results from an ensemble of eight climate models, each of which has carried out
simulations of the early Eocene climate optimum (EECO,∼ 50 million years ago). These …

Accurate estimates of past global mean surface temperature (GMST) help to contextualise
future climate change and are required to estimate the sensitivity of the climate system to …

Benthic oxygen isotope records are commonly used as a proxy for global mean surface
temperatures during the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic, and the resulting estimates have …

Based on the CMIP5-generation previous IPSL earth system model, we designed a new
version, IPSL-CM5A2, aiming at running multi-millennial simulations typical of deep-time …

The Cenozoic inception and development of the Asian monsoons remain unclear and have
generated much debate, as several hypotheses regarding circulation patterns at work in …