Understanding the plant immune system is crucial for using genetics to protect crops from
diseases. Plants resist pathogens via a two-tiered innate immune detection-and-response …

Plant pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi and oomycetes cause destructive diseases in
natural habitats and agricultural settings, thereby threatening plant biodiversity and global …

Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) receptors with an N-terminal
Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain sense pathogen effectors to enable TIR-encoded …

Plants have both cell-surface and intracellular receptors to recognize diverse self-and non-
self molecules. Cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize extracellular …

Calcium ions function as a key second messenger ion in eukaryotes. Spatially and
temporally defined cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals are shaped through the concerted activity of …

Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are intracellular immune
receptors that are activated by their direct or indirect interactions with virulence effectors …

Plants rely on PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) to detect
invading pathogens and subsequently activate defense mechanisms. Recently, four Nature …

Plants interact with a diversity of microorganisms that influence their growth and resilience,
and they can therefore be considered as ecological entities, namely “plant holobionts,” …

Plants coordinately use cell‐surface and intracellular immune receptors to perceive
pathogens and mount an immune response. Intracellular events of pathogen recognition are …

Cell-surface receptors play pivotal roles in many biological processes, including immunity,
development, and reproduction, across diverse organisms. How cell-surface receptors …