Highlights•Endophytes are a source of a plethora of biologically active substances.•
Endophyte-associated metabolites may be needed for the interaction with the plant.•Some …

The constant struggle between plants and microbes has driven the evolution of multiple
defense strategies in the host as well as offense strategies in the pathogen. To defend …

Salicylic acid (SA), an essential regulator of plant defense, is derived from chorismate via
either the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) or the isochorismate synthase (ICS) …

This article is part of the Top 10 Unanswered Questions in MPMI invited review series.
Nonhost resistance is typically considered the ability of a plant species to repel all attempts …

Nonhost resistance is a broad-spectrum plant defense that provides immunity to all
members of a plant species against all isolates of a microorganism that is pathogenic to …

Melatonin (MT) plays important roles in plant disease response, but the mechanisms are
largely unknown. Here, we show that MT functions in stomatal immunity in Panax …

Plant immunity relies on a complex network of hormone signaling pathways in which
jasmonic acid (JA) plays a central role. Successful microbial pathogens or symbionts have …

Background Early blight and brown leaf spot are often cited as the most problematic
pathogens of tomato in many agricultural regions. Their causal agents are Alternaria spp., a …

The necrotrophic phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani) is a fungus that causes
disease in a wide range of plant species. Fungal genomes encode abundant, small cysteine …

Many defense mechanisms contribute to the plant immune system against pathogens,
involving the regulation of different processes of the primary and secondary metabolism. At …