Three‐dimensional cell culture models, such as spheroids, can be used in the process of the
development of new anticancer agents because they are able to closely mimic the main …

Multidrug resistance (MDR) resulting from different defensive mechanisms in cancer is one
of the major obstacles of clinical treatment. To circumvent MDR many reversal agents have …

Resistance to current chemotherapeutic or radiation-based cancer treatment strategies is a
serious concern. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are typically able to evade treatment and …

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that human cancers arise from various tissues of
origin that initiate from cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer-initiating cells. The extrinsic and …

The term “cancer stem cells”(CSCs) refers to cancer cells that exhibit traits parallel to normal
stem cells, namely the potential to give rise to every type of cell identified in a tumor …

The use of charged particle therapy in cancer treatment is growing rapidly, in large part
because the exquisite dose localization of charged particles allows for higher radiation …

The tumor microenvironment consists of an immunosuppressive niche created by the
complex interactions between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells. A critical …

Cancer is a widespread worldwide chronic disease. In most cases, the high mortality rate
from cancer correlates with a lack of clear symptoms, which results in late diagnosis for …

The lymphatic system is essential for transporting interstitial fluid, soluble antigen, and
immune cells from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes (LNs). Functional integrity of LNs is …

In spite of the immense advancement in the diagnostic and treatment modalities, cancer
continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality across the globe, responsible for the …