This paper analyzes gender differences in student performance in Multiple-Choice Tests
(MCT). We report evidence from a field experiment suggesting that, when MCT use a …

This article presents the results of an empirical study of subset selection tests, which are a
generalisation of traditional multiple-choice tests in which test takers are able to express …

In multiple-choice tests, guessing is a source of test error which can be suppressed if its
expected score is made negative by either penalizing wrong answers or rewarding …

We analyze idealized multiple-choice tests and examine the effects when some or all of the
items are modified so as to include “none of the above” as an answer option. As regards this …

This paper proposes two novel scoring rules for multiple-choice questions based on the test-
takers' propensity to hedge across possible answers. To examine these scoring rules, we …

In multiple-choice tests, guessing is a source of test error which can be suppressed if its
expected score is made negative by either penalizing wrong answers or rewarding …

We use the axiomatic approach for the design of examination. Each course is identified with
a set of learning objectives, and an exam is composed of exercises each of which is …

We revisit and evolve Frandsen and Schwartzbach's axiomatic scoring strategy for multiple-
choice exams that credits partial knowledge and levels out guessing. The evolved scoring …