Soft robots' flexibility and compliance give them the potential to outperform traditional rigid-
bodied robots while performing multiple tasks in unexpectedly changing environments and …

Natural organisms offer abundant inspiration for designing and fabricating hydrogel robots
with autonomous and intelligent behaviors, including motion, perception, and response to …

Bioengineering approaches that combine living cellular components with three-dimensional
scaffolds to generate motion can be used to develop a new generation of miniature robots …

Helical alignments within the heart's musculature have been speculated to be important in
achieving physiological pum** efficiencies. Testing this possibility is difficult, however …

Miniature magnetic soft machines could significantly impact minimally invasive robotics and
biomedical applications. However, most soft machines are limited to solid magnetic …

Integration, being lightweight, and intelligence are important orientations for the future
advancement of soft robots. However, existing soft robots are generally hydrogels or silicone …

The past ten years have seen the rapid expansion of the field of biohybrid robotics. By
combining engineered, synthetic components with living biological materials, new robotics …

Incorporating a negative feedback loop in a synthetic material to enable complex self-
regulative behaviours akin to living organisms remains a design challenge. Here we show …

3D soft bioscaffolds have great promise in tissue engineering, biohybrid robotics, and organ-
on-a-chip engineering applications. Though emerging three-dimensional (3D) printing …

Biological motions of native muscle tissues rely on the nervous system to interface
movement with the surrounding environment. The neural innervation of muscles, crucial for …