Accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis requires careful attention to its differential diagnosis—
many disorders can mimic the clinical manifestations and paraclinical findings of this …

A prodrome is an early set of signs or symptoms that indicate the onset of a disease before
more typical symptoms develop. Prodromal stages are well recognized in some neurological …

Background and Objectives The goal of this work was to determine whether the prevalence
of multiple sclerosis (MS) varies by race and ethnicity. Methods We conducted a …

In multiple sclerosis (MS), a subset of chronic active white matter lesions are identifiable on
magnetic resonance imaging by their paramagnetic rims, and increasing evidence supports …

Importance Multiple sclerosis (MS) misdiagnosis remains an important issue in clinical
practice. Objective To quantify the performance of cortical lesions (CLs) and central vein …

The advent of highly effective disease modifying therapy has transformed the landscape of
multiple sclerosis (MS) care over the last two decades. However, there remains a critical …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are
autoimmune inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) with similar …

Oligoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) bands (OCBs) are a useful diagnostic tool to detect a
central humoral response. In particular, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-restricted OCBs represent …

Importance Early treatment initiation in multiple sclerosis (MS) is crucial in preventing
irreversible neurological damage and disability progression. The current assessment of …

Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, and Misdiagnosis of Multi... : CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in
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