Research on space-division multiplexing (SDM) came to prominence in early 2010 being
primarily proposed as a means of multiplying the information-carrying capacity of optical …

In order to overcome the capacity limitations of current lightwave systems based on the
single-mode optical fiber, massively parallel transmission in the spatial domain [space …

Optical fibre communication is the backbone of the internet. As essential core technologies
are approaching their limits of size, speed and energy-efficiency, there is a need for new …

Abstract Space-division multiplexing (SDM), as a main candidate for future ultra-high
capacity fibre-optic communications, needs to address limitations to its scalability imposed …

Data rates in optical fiber networks have increased exponentially over the past decades and
core-networks are expected to operate in the peta-bit-per-second regime by 2030. As …

The rapid development of emerging technologies observed in recent years, such as artificial
intelligence, machine learning, mobile internet, big data, cloud computing, and the Internet …

Four-mode multiplexing and manipulation technologies are reviewed in the context of space-
division multiplexing (SDM) optical communication systems. These are multiplane light …

Due to widespread applications and rapid development of cloud computing and Internet
services, hyperscale data centers have experienced an unprecedented demand for …

The tremendous growth of data traffic has spurred a rapid evolution of optical
communications for a higher data transmission capacity. Next-generation fiber-optic …

Current fibre optic communication systems owe their high-capacity abilities to the
wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technique, which combines data channels running …