Complex multicellular life in mammals relies on functional cooperation of different organs for
the survival of the whole organism. The kidneys play a critical part in this process through …

Endothelial cells, which form the inner cellular lining of blood vessels and lymphatics,
display remarkable heterogeneity in structure and function. This is the second of a 2-part …

The renal medulla produces concentrated urine through the generation of an osmotic
gradient extending from the cortico-medullary boundary to the inner medullary tip. This …

The recognition of a central role for the endothelium in the development of kidney disease or
the development of vascular lesions in patients with established renal dysfunction has led to …

The ability of mammals to produce urine hyperosmotic to plasma requires the generation of
a gradient of increasing osmolality along the medulla from the corticomedullary junction to …

Blood vessels and their endothelial lining are uniquely adapted to the needs of the
underlying tissue. The structure and function of the vasculature varies both between and …

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is abundantly present in the tumor stroma, and tumor-specific CS
modifications might be potential targets to influence tumor development. We applied the …

Mammalian kidneys play an essential role in balancing internal water and salt
concentrations. When water needs to be conserved, the renal medulla produces …

The renal medullary microcirculation is a distinctive arrangement of blood vessels that serve
multiple functions in the renal medulla. This article begins with a description of the unique …

We describe the determinants of urinary oxygen tension (Po2) and the potential for use of
urinary Po2 as a “physiological biomarker” of the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospital …