The cyber-agricultural system (CAS) represents an overarching framework of agriculture that
leverages recent advances in ubiquitous sensing, artificial intelligence, smart actuators, and …

Process-based hydrological models have a long history dating back to the 1960s. Criticized
by some as over-parameterized, overly complex, and difficult to use, a more nuanced view is …

The land surface models that provide surface fluxes of energy and mass to the atmosphere
in weather forecast and climate models typically represent plant canopies as a homogenous …

Photorespiration is essential for C3 plants but operates at the massive expense of fixed
carbon dioxide and energy. Photorespiration is initiated when the initial enzyme of …

The morphological and biochemical properties of plant canopies are strong predictors of
photosynthetic capacity and nutrient cycling. Remote sensing research at the leaf and …

Vegetation and the water cycles are inherently coupled across a wide range of spatial and
temporal scales. Water availability interacts with plant ecophysiology and controls …

Climate models have evolved into Earth system models with representation of the physics,
chemistry, and biology of terrestrial ecosystems. This companion book to Gordon Bonan's …

Without new innovations, present rates of increase in yields of food crops globally are
inadequate to meet the projected rising food demand for 2050 and beyond. A prevailing …

Green roofs are known to be an effective roofing strategy that mitigate urban heat island
effects, increase carbon uptake, and reduce energy consumption through thermal insulation …

Abstract Leaf Area Index (LAI) is one of the most important biophysical properties of a crop,
used in detecting long-term water stress, estimating biomass, and identifying crop growth …