Our access to computer-generated worlds changes the way we feel, how we think, and how
we solve problems. In this review, we explore the utility of different types of virtual reality …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult onset neurodegenerative disease that results
in motor dysfunction and death, generally from respiratory failure. 90% of ALS cases are …

Neurons born in the adult dentate gyrus develop, mature, and connect over a long interval
that can last from six to eight weeks. It has been proposed that, during this period …

Extinction of conditioned fear is an active learning process involving inhibition of fear
expression. It has been proposed that fear extinction potentiates neurons in the infralimbic …

In central neurons, the threshold for spike initiation can depend on the stimulus and varies
between cells and between recording sites in a given cell, but it is unclear what mechanisms …

Throughout life, neural circuits change their connectivity, especially during development,
when neurons frequently extend and retract dendrites and axons, and form and eliminate …

Oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signalling in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
contributes to energy homeostasis by modulating physical activity and thermogenesis …

Over long timescales, neuronal dynamics can be robust to quite large perturbations, such as
changes in white matter connectivity and grey matter structure through processes including …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by exaggerated fear expression and
impaired fear extinction. The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of PTSD are …

An action potential is a rapid sequence of changes in the voltage across a membrane. The
membrane voltage, or potential, is determined at any time by the relative ratio of ions …