The arms race between hosts and pathogens (and other non-self) drives the molecular
diversification of immune response genes in the host. Over long periods of evolutionary time …

This review summarizes the research progress made over the past decade in the field of
gastropod immunity resulting from investigations of the interaction between the snail …

Bivalves have evolved a range of complex shell forming mechanisms that are reflected by
their incredible diversity in shell mineralogy and microstructures. A suite of proteins exported …

The freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata is an important intermediate host of the parasite
Schistosoma mansoni that causes human intestinal schistosomiasis. To better understand …

Schistosomiasis, a devastating disease caused by parasitic flatworms of the genus
Schistosoma, affects over 260 million people worldwide especially in tropical and sub …

Over their 500 million year history, gastropods have radiated into marine, freshwater and
terrestrial environments and adopted life styles ranging from herbivory to carnivory to …

This review reexamines the results obtained in recent decades regarding the compatibility
polymorphism between the snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, and the pathogen, Schistosoma …

Aerolysins are virulence factors belonging to the β pore-forming toxin (β-PFT) superfamily
that are abundantly distributed in bacteria. More rarely, β-PFTs have been described in …

Comparative immunology, studying both vertebrates and invertebrates, provided the earliest
descriptions of phagocytosis as a general immune mechanism. However, the large scale of …

We have identified and characterized a Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) family
member in the Lophotrochozoan invertebrate, Biomphalaria glabrata, the snail intermediate …