The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway regulates mRNA stability and translation in nearly all
human cells. Small double-stranded RNA molecules can efficiently trigger RNAi silencing of …

Nucleic acids, with the advantages of programmability and biocompatibility, have been
widely used to design different kinds of novel biocomputing devices. Recently, nucleic acid …

Applications of RNA-based molecular logic have been hampered by sequence constraints
imposed on the input and output of the circuits. Here we show that the sequence constraints …

Bottom-up synthetic biology aims to engineer artificial cells capable of responsive behaviors
by using a minimal set of molecular components. An important challenge toward this goal is …

Base-pair-driven toehold-mediated strand displacement (BP-TMSD) is a fundamental
concept employed for constructing DNA machines and networks with a gamut of …

MicroRNAs (miRNA or miR) are short noncoding RNA of about 21–23 nucleotides that play
critical roles in multiple aspects of biological processes by mediating translational …

Strand displacement reactions underlie dynamic nucleic acid nanotechnology. The kinetic
and thermodynamic features of DNA-based displacement reactions are well understood and …

DNA has many unique properties beyond encoding genetic information, one of which is its
physicochemical stability based on Watson–Crick base pairing. Differences in sequence …

DNA composite materials are at the forefront, especially for biomedical science, as they can
increase the efficacy and safety of current therapies and drug delivery systems. The …

Nucleic acid-based chemistry is a strong candidate framework for the construction of future
synthetic biomolecular control circuits. Previous work has demonstrated the capacity of …