Drylands are home to more than 38% of the world's population and are one of the most
sensitive areas to climate change and human activities. This review describes recent …

Large-scale millennial length Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature reconstructions have
been progressively improved over the last 20 years as new datasets have been developed …

Abstract North China Plain is the heartland of modern China. This fertile plain has
experienced vast expansion of irrigated agriculture which cools surface temperature and …

The risk associated with any climate change impact reflects intensity of natural hazard and
level of human vulnerability. Previous work has shown that a wet-bulb temperature of 35° C …

While internal climate variability is known to affect climate projections, its influence is often
underappreciated and confused with model error. Why? In general, modeling centers …

Thermokarst is the process whereby the thawing of ice-rich permafrost ground causes land
subsidence, resulting in development of distinctive landforms. Accelerated thermokarst due …

The Community Earth System Model (CESM) is a flexible and extensible community tool
used to investigate a diverse set of Earth system interactions across multiple time and space …

This chapter assesses the scientific literature describing expectations for near-term climate
(present through mid-century). Unless otherwise stated," near-term" change and the …

The climate of the past millennium provides a baseline for understanding the background of
natural climate variability upon which current anthropogenic changes are superimposed. As …

Southern Australia's rainfall is highly variable and influenced by factors across scales from
synoptic weather to large‐scale circulation and remote climate modes of variability …