Crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus
thuringiensis (Bt) have improved pest management and reduced reliance on insecticide …

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are potential alternatives to synthetic insecticides for the
control of lepidopteran pests. However, the evolution of resistance in some insect pest …

One of the longstanding puzzles of antimicrobial resistance is why the frequency of
resistance persists at intermediate levels. Theoretical explanations for the lack of fixation of …

Abstract Background The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a significant and
widespread pest of maize, sorghum, rice, and other economically important crops …

Since 1998, genetically engineered Bt maize varieties expressing the insecticidal Cry1Ab
protein (ie event MON 810) have been grown in the European Union (EU), mainly in Spain …

Mass insect rearing can have a range of applications, for example in biological control of
pests. The competitive fitness of released insects is extremely important in a number of …

Passage experiments that sequentially infect hosts with parasites have long been used to
manipulate virulence. However, for many invertebrate pathogens, passage has been …

Reinforcing the high-dose/refuge strategy with releases of transgenic insects has been
suggested as a method for simultaneously managing agricultural pest populations and …

This chapter summarizes and highlights the techniques that have been developed over the
past 40 years to facilitate and improve the calculation of economic thresholds (ETs). The …

Ecological decision problems, such as those encountered in agriculture, often require
managing conflicts between short‐term costs and long‐term benefits. Dynamic programming …