Key message Recent updates in JA biosynthesis, signaling pathways and the crosstalk
between JA and others phytohormones in relation with plant responses to different stresses …

The lipid-derived phytohormone jasmonate (JA) regulates plant growth, development,
secondary metabolism, defense against insect attack and pathogen infection, and tolerance …

Abstract Phytohormones, including jasmonates (JAs), gibberellin, ethylene, abscisic acid,
and auxin, integrate endogenous developmental cues with environmental signals to …

Gibberellic acid (GA), a plant hormone stimulating plant growth and development, is a
tetracyclic di-terpenoid compound. GAs stimulate seed germination, trigger transitions from …

Secondary metabolites are incontestably key specialized molecules with proven health-
promoting effects on human beings. Naturally synthesized secondary metabolites are …

Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms for integration of endogenous and
exogenous signals to adapt to the changing environment. Both the phytohormones …

Plants initiate leaf senescence to relocate nutrients and energy from aging leaves to
develo** tissues or storage organs for growth, reproduction, and defense. Leaf …

Stamens are the plant male reproductive organs essential for plant fertility. Proper
development of stamens is modulated by environmental cues and endogenous hormone …

Jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived compounds acting as key signaling compounds in plant
stress responses and development. The JA co-receptor complex and several enzymes of JA …

Herbivorous insects represent one of the major threats to sessile plants. To cope with
herbivore challenges, plants have evolved sophisticated defense systems, in which the lipid …