The ideal material for nanophotonic applications will have a large refractive index at optical
frequencies, respond to both the electric and magnetic fields of light, support large optical …

Control over the dispersion of the refractive index is essential to the performance of most
modern optical systems. These range from laboratory microscopes to optical fibres and even …

This article reviews recent progress leading to the realization of planar optical components
made of a single layer of phase shifting nanostructures. After introducing the principles of …

Plasmonic metasurfaces have recently attracted much attention due to their ability to
abruptly change the phase of light, allowing subwavelength optical elements for polarization …

Optical metasurfaces with subwavelength thickness hold considerable promise for future
advances in fundamental optics and novel optical applications due to their unprecedented …

Periodic structures with a sub‐wavelength pitch have been known since Hertz conducted his
first experiments on the polarization of electromagnetic waves. While the use of these …

Inorganic hollow spheres have attracted considerable interest due to their singular
properties and wide range of potential applications. In this critical review, we provide a …

A new class of planar optics has emerged using subwavelength gratings with a large
refractive index contrast, herein referred to as high-contrast gratings (HCGs). This seemingly …

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are the ideal optical sources for data
communication and sensing. In data communication, large data rates combined with …