Plastic production on a global scale is instrumental in advancing modern society. However,
plastic can be broken down by mechanical and chemical forces of humans and nature, and …

This review summarises the current knowledge on the effects of microplastics and their
additives on organisms living in the aquatic environment, particularly invertebrates and fish …

Caffeine (Caff) is one of the most widely used substances in the human diet and a well-
recognized drug. Its input into surface waters is remarkable, but biological effects on aquatic …

Not long after plastic-made material became an inseparable part of our lives, microplastics
(MPs) found their way into ecosystems. Aquatic organisms are one of the groups impacted …

The escalating production of synthetic plastics and inadequate waste management have led
to pervasive microplastic (MP) contamination in aquatic ecosystems. MPs, typically defined …

Plastics, long-chain artificial polymers, are used worldwide with a global production of 350
million tonnes per year. Various degradation processes transform plastics into smaller …

The increase in plastic debris and its environmental impact has been a major concern for
scientists. Physical destruction, chemical reactions, and microbial activity can degrade …

Crabs are one of the most critical and dominant species of the intertidal zone. Their feeding,
burrowing, and other bioturbation activities are common and intense. However, baseline …

Due to their uncontrolled use, plastics has become an environmental concern, not only for
their varying dimension but also for the potential release of substances such as phthalates …

Fish maintain their body fluid ionic and osmotic homeostasis using sophisticated iono-
/osmoregulation mechanisms through gills ionocytes. Pesticide-induced ionic imbalance in …