Abstract Pines (n= 121 species) are important elements of forest ecosystems. They are
economically and ecologically valuable and are often at the center of efforts to manage …

Highlights•Wild squirrels are adapted for a diversity of complex food-hoarding
economies.•Economic decisions in apparently solitary species are driven by social …

This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Quercus rubra L.(Red Oak,
Northern Red Oak; syn. Q. borealis, Q. maxima) that are relevant to understanding its …

The morphological traits of seeds have a fundamental meaning for spread and regeneration
of non-native zoochorous plants, as they determine the level of establishment success and …

Past studies have revealed the benefits of rodent participation in the colonization process of
oak species. Certain rodent species (Apodemus sylvaticus and Mus spretus) partially …

Cloud forest degradation leads to the loss of foundational species, including oak trees, with
negative and cascading effects on biodiversity. The relatively simple and inexpensive …

Although dispersal is critical to plant life history, the relationships between seed traits and
dispersal success in animal-dispersed plants remain unclear due to complex interactions …

Congeneric fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) and eastern gray squirrels (S. carolinensis)
compete for resources within North American temperate forests. Both species exhibit …

Numerous interactions between plants and animals vary in their outcome between predation
and mutualism. Depending on the costs and benefits, the relationship is placed at one end …

In previous studies, authors have demonstrated the bene ts of rodent participation in the
colonization process carried out by oak species. We have observed that certain rodent …