Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an established treatment
for motor complications in Parkinson's disease. 20 years of experience with this procedure …

The final goal of motor learning, a complex process that includes both implicit and explicit (or
declarative) components, is the optimization and automatization of motor skills. Motor …

The basal ganglia (BG) coordinate decision making processes by facilitating adaptive frontal
motor commands while suppressing others. In previous work, neural network simulations …

Background Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) is an
increasingly common treatment for Parkinson's disease. Qualitative reviews have concluded …

The demonstration that dopamine loss is the key pathological feature of Parkinson's disease
(PD), and the subsequent introduction of levodopa have revolutionalized the field of PD …

Functional stereotaxy was introduced in the late 1940s to reduce the morbidity of lobotomy
in psychiatric disease by using more focal lesions. The advent of neuroleptics led to a drastic …

Once it was believed that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) was no more than a relay station
serving as a “gate” for ascending basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits. Nowadays, the STN …

Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily considered a disorder of initiation of actions,
patients also have deficits in inhibitory control, both in the motor and cognitive domains …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, cognitive,
neuropsychiatric, autonomic, and other nonmotor symptoms. The efficacy of deep brain …

Background and objective The extent to which deep brain stimulation (DBS) can improve
quality of life may be perceived as a permanent trade-off between neurological …