Its increasing incidence has led stroke to be the second leading cause of death worldwide.
Despite significant advances in recanalization strategies, patients are still at risk for …

As part of the neurovascular unit, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a unique, dynamic
regulatory boundary that limits and regulates the exchange of molecules, ions, and cells …

Stroke is currently one of the most common causes of death and disability in the world, and
its pathophysiology is a complex process, involving the oxidative stress and inflammatory …

Mast cells are important components of the immune system, and they perform pro-
inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory roles in the complex process of immune regulation …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a widely expressed ligand-
modulated transcription factor that governs the expression of genes involved in …

The brain vasculature has been increasingly recognized as a key player that directs brain
development, regulates homeostasis, and contributes to pathological processes. Following …

Glia and microglia in particular elaborate pro‐inflammatory molecules that play key roles in
central nervous system (CNS) disorders from neuropathic pain and epilepsy to …

The innate immune system plays a dualistic role in the evolution of ischemic brain damage
and has also been implicated in ischemic tolerance produced by different conditioning …

After an acute ischemic stroke (AIS), inflammatory processes are able to concomitantly
induce both beneficial and detrimental effects. In this narrative review, we updated evidence …

One of the more important recent advances in neuroscience research is the understanding
that there is extensive communication between the immune system and the central nervous …