Errors in probabilistic reasoning have been the focus of much psychology research and are
among the original topics of modern behavioral economics. This chapter reviews theory and …

Humans do not integrate new information objectively: outcomes carrying a positive affective
value and evidence confirming one's own prior belief are overweighed. Until recently …

In the past decade the field of cognitive sciences has seen an exponential growth in the
number of computational modeling studies. Previous work has indicated why and how …

Psychological models of value-based decision-making describe how subjective values are
formed and mapped to single choices. Recently, additional efforts have been made to …

The cognitive model of depression has significantly influenced the understanding of
distorted cognitive processes in major depression; however, this model's conception of …

Regulating how fast to learn is critical for flexible behavior. Learning about the
consequences of actions should be slow in stable environments, but accelerate when that …

Determining how environments shape how people learn is central to understanding
individual differences in goal-directed behaviour. Studies of the effects of early-life adversity …

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of artificial intelligence.
Yet, evaluating them comprehensively remains challenging. We argue that this is partly due …

Previous studies suggest that factual learning, that is, learning from obtained outcomes, is
biased, such that participants preferentially take into account positive, as compared to …

Why people do or do not change their beliefs has been a long-standing puzzle. Sometimes
people hold onto false beliefs despite ample contradictory evidence; sometimes they …