Immune evasion contributes to cancer growth and progression. Cancer cells have the ability
to activate different immune checkpoint pathways that harbor immunosuppressive functions …

CD8 T cells play crucial roles in immune surveillance and defense against infections and
cancer. After encountering antigenic stimulation, naïve CD8 T cells differentiate and acquire …

Among new treatment approaches for patients with cancer, few have accelerated as quickly
as neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Neoadjuvant cancer therapy is …

The discovery of immune checkpoint proteins such as PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 represents a
significant breakthrough in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, humanized …

Background In a pilot study involving patients with cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma, a
high percentage of patients had a pathological complete response with the use of two doses …

First-line cemiplimab (anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)) monotherapy has previously
shown significant improvement in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) …

The main breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy was the discovery of immune checkpoint
(IC) proteins, which act as a potent suppressor of the immune system by a myriad of …

Although more than a decade has passed since the approval of immune checkpoint
inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of melanoma and non-small-cell lung, breast and …

Abstract The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has always been a
forerunner in drug evaluation and supervision. Over the past 31 years, 1050 drugs …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are considered a new standard-of-care across many
cancer indications. This review provides an update on ICIs approved by the Food and Drug …