The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) was first
identified in the membrane of phagocytic cells. For many years, its only known role was in …

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses which impose constraints to plant growth and
production. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crops and a model …

Oxidative stress is a complex chemical and physiological phenomenon that accompanies
virtually all biotic and abiotic stresses in higher plants and develops as a result of …

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many key processes involved in plant
development and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Under stress conditions, plants …

Plants encounter a number of environmental stresses throughout their life cycles, most of
which activate mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The MAPKs show …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) control many different processes in plants. However, being
toxic molecules, they are also capable of injuring cells. How this conflict is resolved in plants …

▪ Abstract Rapid generation of superoxide and accumulation of H2O2 is a characteristic
early feature of the hypersensitive response following perception of pathogen avirulence …

Adaptation to environmental changes is crucial for plant growth and survival. However, the
molecular and biochemical mechanisms of adaptation are still poorly understood and the …

Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) are strongly associated with plant defense responses.
The origin of these ROI has been controversial. Arabidopsis respiratory burst oxidase …

Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) has been implicated in many stress conditions. Control of H 2
O 2 levels is complex and dissection of mechanisms generating and relieving H 2 O 2 stress …