Helminth parasites are adept manipulators of the immune system, using multiple strategies
to evade the host type 2 response. In the intestinal niche, the epithelium is crucial for …

The definition of the nerve cell types of the myenteric plexus of the mouse small intestine has
become important, as more researchers turn to the use of mice with genetic mutations to …

Gastrointestinal motility and transport of water and electrolytes play key roles in the
pathophysiology of diarrhea upon exposure to enteric parasites. These processes are …

The mammalian gut is a remarkable organ: with a nervous system that rivals the spinal cord,
it is the body's largest repository of immune and endocrine cells and houses an immense …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Enteric nematode infection induces a strong type 2 T helper cell
(Th2) cytokine response and is characterized by increased infiltration of various immune …

Type 2 immunity is essential for host protection against nematode infection but is detrimental
in allergic inflammation or asthma. There is a major research focus on the effector molecules …

Abstract IL-25 (IL-17E) is a member of the IL-17 cytokine family. IL-25–deficient mice exhibit
impaired Th2 immunity against nematode infection, implicating IL-25 as a key component in …

Interleukin 4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) is essential for effective clearance of gastrointestinal
nematode infections. Smooth muscle cells are considered to play a role in the type 2 …

Recent studies showed that enteric helminth infection improved symptoms in patients with
inflammatory bowel disease as well as in experimental models of colitis. The aim of this …

Despite increased appreciation for the role of nicotinic receptors in the modulation of and
response to inflammation, the contribution of muscarinic receptors to mucosal homeostasis …