It is customary to couple a quantum system to external classical fields. One application is to
couple the global symmetries of the system (including the Poincar\'{e} symmetry) to …

This review is dedicated to two-dimensional sigma models with flag manifold target spaces,
which are generalizations of the familiar CP n− 1 and Grassmannian models. They naturally …

The center-flavor symmetry of a gauge theory specifies the global form of consistent gauge
and flavor bundle background field configurations. For 6D gauge theories which arise from a …

A bstract We investigate a higher-group structure of massless axion electrodynamics in (3+
1) dimensions. By using the background gauging method, we show that the higher-form …

Magnetic excitations play a crucial role in understanding the color confinement of 4D Yang-
Mills theory, and we have the monopole and the center vortex as plausible candidates to …

A bstract We study a 3d lattice gauge theory with gauge group U (1) N− 1⋊ SN, which is
obtained by gauging the SN global symmetry of a pure U (1) N− 1 gauge theory, and we call …

A bstract We consider the SU (N) Yang-Mills theory, whose topological sectors are restricted
to the instanton number with integer multiples of p. We can formulate such a quantum field …

We study non-invertible global symmetries in $(3+ 1) $-dimensional axion electrodynamics
with a massless axion and a massless photon. In addition to a previously known non …

We discuss the formation of cosmic strings or macroscopic color flux tubes at the phase
transition from the deconfinement to confinement phase in pure Yang–Mills (YM) theory …