The human brain undergoes a prolonged period of cortical development that spans multiple
decades. During childhood and adolescence, cortical development progresses from lower …

Background Childhood maltreatment is the most important preventable cause of
psychopathology accounting for about 45% of the population attributable risk for childhood …

An extensive literature on childhood adversity and neurodevelopment has emerged over the
past decade. We evaluate two conceptual models of adversity and neurodevelopment—the …

Two extant frameworks–the harshness-unpredictability model and the threat-deprivation
model–attempt to explain which dimensions of adversity have distinct influences on …

A growing body of research has examined the impact of childhood adversity on neural
structure and function. Advances in our understanding of the neurodevelopmental …

Background Adverse psychosocial exposures in early life, namely experiences such as child
maltreatment, caregiver stress or depression, and domestic or community violence, have …

Despite long-standing interest in the influence of adverse early experiences on mental
health, systematic scientific inquiry into childhood adversity and developmental outcomes …

Background Early life stress (ELS) can compromise development, with higher amounts of
adversity linked to behavioral problems. To understand this linkage, a growing body of …

Children exposed to various forms of adversity early in life are at increased risk for a broad
range of developmental difficulties, affecting both cognitive and emotional adjustment. We …

Life history theory argues that exposure to early life adversity (ELA) accelerates
development, although existing evidence for this varies. We present a meta-analysis and …