Graph theory is afundamental branch of mathematicsthat studiesnetworksconsisting of
nodes (vertices) and their connections (edges). Extensive research has been conducted on …

Graph theory, a branch of mathematics, studies the relationships between entities using
vertices and edges. Uncertain Graph Theory has emerged within this field to model the …

Graph characteristics are often studied through various parameters, with ongoing research
dedicated to exploring these aspects. Among these, graph width parameters—such as tree …

Graph characteristics are often analyzed using various parameters, with ongoing research
dedicated to exploring these aspects. A key metric in this field is the” graph width …

Graph theory studies networks made up of nodes (vertices) and their connections (edges). A
graph class consists of graphs that share common structural properties, defined by specific …

Graph theory, a branch of mathematics, explores relationships among objects using vertices
and edges [90]. A specialized area within this field, Uncertain Graph Theory, is designed to …

Trapezoidal fuzzy neutrosophic decision making plays an important role in decision-making
processes with uncertain, indeterminate, and inconsistent information. In this paper, we …

In plenty of realistic situations, multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) is ubiquitous
and significant in daily activities of individuals and organizations. Among diverse tools for …

The Neutrosophic Set is a mathematical framework designed to manage uncertainty,
characterized by three membership functions: truth (T), indeterminacy (I), and falsity (F). In …

The neutrosophic theory is known for its prominent application in real life, possessing
unclear, indeterminate information. Interval valued neutrosophic theory is even more flexible …