I. Introduction THE existence of mechanisms that provide immunity to an infective agent was
inferred from empirical observations obtained through the ingenuity and deductive capacity …

Many proteins first identified in the immune system are also expressed in the develo**
and adult nervous system. Unexpectedly, recent studies reveal that a number of these …

The hippocampus is one of a group of remarkable structures embedded within the brain's
medial temporal lobe. Long known to be important for memory, it has been a prime focus of …

Acute influenza infection has been reported to be associated with neurological symptoms.
However, the long-term consequences of an infection with neurotropic and non-neurotropic …

The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis is reviewed, with emphasis on the axonal
conduction properties underlying the production of symptoms, and the course of the disease …

The effects of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) on the synaptic
transmission were studied in rat hippocampal slices by using extracellular field potential …

Although the brain has classically been considered “immune-privileged”, current research
suggests an extensive communication between the immune and nervous systems in both …

It is well established that inflammatory changes contribute to brain ageing, and an increased
concentration of proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), has been reported in the …

Several cytokines have short‐term effects on synaptic transmission and plasticity that are
thought to be mediated by the activation of intracellular protein kinases. We have studied the …

Although the neuropathological changes caused by severe or repeated seizures have been
well characterized, many questions about the molecular mechanisms involved remain …