The mitochondrial (mt) genome is, to date, the most extensively studied genomic system in
insects, outnumbering nuclear genomes tenfold and representing all orders versus very few …

Uses of molecular markers in the phylogenetic studies of various organisms have become
increasingly important in recent times. This review gives an overview of different molecular …

Abstract tRNAscan-SE has been widely used for transfer RNA (tRNA) gene prediction for
over twenty years, developed just as the first genomes were decoded. With the massive …

Fully Bayesian multispecies coalescent (MSC) methods like* BEAST estimate species trees
from multiple sequence alignments. Today thousands of genes can be sequenced for a …

Background The mitochondrial (mt) genome has been used as an effective tool for
phylogenetic and population genetic analyses in vertebrates. However, the structure and …

Phylogeography is a discipline concerned with various relationships between gene
genealogies—phylogenetics—and geography. The word “phylogeography” was coined in …

DNA-sequence data from the mitochondrial genome are being used with increasing
frequency to estimate phylogenetic relationships among animal taxa. The advantage to …

Animal mitochondrial DNA is a small, extrachromosomal genome, typically∼ 16 kb in size.
With few exceptions, all animal mitochondrial genomes contain the same 37 genes: two for …

From Darwin onward, it has been second nature for evolutionary biologists to think
comparatively because comparisons establish the generality of evolutionary phenomena …

Over the last three decades, mitochondrial DNA has been the most popular marker of
molecular diversity, for a combination of technical ease‐of‐use considerations, and …