Iron (Fe) is the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust and plays important roles in
both biological and chemical processes. The redox reactivity of various Fe (II) forms has …

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for all life on Earth and it acts as a major control on
biological productivity in the modern ocean. Accurate reconstructions of the evolution of life …

Salinization, a widespread threat to the structure and ecological functioning of inland and
coastal wetlands, is currently occurring at an unprecedented rate and geographic scale. The …

Iron is the most abundant redox‐active metal in the Earth's crust. The one electron transfer
between the two most common redox states, Fe (II) and Fe (III), plays a role in a huge range …

Iron (Fe) has long been a recognized physiological requirement for life, yet for many
microorganisms that persist in water, soils and sediments, its role extends well beyond that …

A committee of the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) has reviewed and
updated the description of Special Regions on Mars as places where terrestrial organisms …

The removal of nitrogen (N) in aquatic ecosystems is of great interest because excessive
nitrate in groundwater and surface water is a growing problem. High nitrate loading …

Iron is a ubiquitous element in the universe. Ferrous iron (Fe (II)) was abundant in the
primordial ocean until the oxygenation of the Earth's atmosphere led to its widespread …

Life evolved and flourished in the absence of molecular oxygen (02). As the 02 content of
the atmosphere rose to the present level of 21% beginning about two billion years ago …

External corrosion of buried carbon steel pipes is a problem of global proportions, affecting a
wide range of industries and services. Many factors affect corrosion rates. Biofilms may …