Selection bias has long been central in methodological discussions across epidemiology
and other fields. In epidemiology, the concept of selection bias has been continually …

Observational studies suggest smoking, cannabis use, alcohol consumption, and substance
use disorders (SUDs) may impact risk for respiratory infections, including coronavirus 2019 …

Collider-conditioning bias is a common challenge in clinical epidemiology but notoriously
occult. Formally, collider-conditioning bias is the alteration in the association between two …

Electronic health records (EHRs), though they are maintained and utilized for clinical and
billing purposes, may provide a wealth of information for research. Currently, sources are …

Empirical evidence, primarily based on hospital-based or voluntary samples, suggests that
current smokers have a lower risk of COVID-19 infection than never smokers. In this study …

Aims: With increased liberalization of cannabis policies in North America, there is growing
interest in the use of cannabis to manage pain instead of opioids. The objectives of the study …

Introduction It is unclear whether smokers are more vulnerable to severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study aimed to evaluate the …

A growing body of evidence shows smoking is a risk factor for coronavirus disease (COVID-
19). We examined the associations of quitting-related behaviors with perceived susceptibility …

Background In some individuals who smoke, the COVID-19 pandemic has triggered an
increase in the motivation to quit smoking due to the potential higher risk of severe COVID …

Background Clear evidence of an increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection among smokers
has not been established. We aimed to investigate associations between cigarette smoking …