Acromegaly is a chronic systemic disease with many complications and is associated with
increased mortality when not adequately treated. Substantial advances in acromegaly …

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) are important regulators of
bone remodelling and metabolism and have an essential role in the achievement and …

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by decreased mass and compromised
bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fractures. Although idiopathic …

Purpose Bone is one of the main targets of hormones and endocrine diseases are frequent
causes of secondary osteoporosis and fractures in real-world clinical practice. However …

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is the most common form of secondary
osteoporosis. Fractures, which are often asymptomatic, may occur in as many as 30–50% of …

Background. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) are fundamental
in skeletal growth during puberty and bone health throughout life. GH increases tissue …

Abstract GH and IGF-I are important regulators of bone homeostasis and are central to the
achievement of normal longitudinal bone growth and bone mass. Although GH may act …

Antiresorptive agents help to restore skeletal balance by reducing bone turnover, primarily at
the tissue level. Another therapeutic approach is to enhance bone formation with the use of …

Besides their growth-promoting properties, GH and IGF-1 regulate a broad spectrum of
biological functions in several organs, including the kidney. This review focuses on the renal …

This narrative review discusses several aspects of the management of osteoporosis in
patients under 50 years of age. Peak bone mass is genetically determined but can also be …